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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(2): 123-130, Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841767

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, responsible for causing major losses in livestock. A cost effective alternative to control the disease could be herd vaccination. The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has a limited efficacy against bovine TB, but can improved by over-expression of protective antigens. The M. bovis antigen 85B demonstrates ability to induce protective immune response against bovine TB in animal models. However, current systems for the construction of recombinant BCG expressing multiple copies of the gene result in strains of low genetic stability that rapidly lose the plasmid in vivo. Employing antibiotic resistance as selective markers, these systems also compromise vaccine safety. We previously reported the construction of a stable BCG expression system using auxotrophic complementation as a selectable marker. OBJECTIVES The fundamental aim of this study was to construct strains of M. bovis BCG Pasteur and the auxotrophic M. bovis BCG ΔleuD expressing Ag85B and determine their stability in vivo. METHODS Employing the auxotrophic system, we constructed rBCG strains that expressed M. bovis Ag85B and compared their stability with a conventional BCG strain in mice. Stability was measured in terms of bacterial growth on the selective medium and retention of antigen expression. FINDINGS The auxotrophic complementation system was highly stable after 18 weeks, even during in vivo growth, as the selective pressure and expression of antigen were maintained comparing to the conventional vector. MAIN CONCLUSION The Ag85B continuous expression within the host may generate a stronger and long-lasting immune response compared to conventional systems.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Plasmids/genetics , Plasmids/immunology , BCG Vaccine/genetics , BCG Vaccine/immunology , Genetic Vectors/immunology , Mycobacterium bovis/genetics , Mycobacterium bovis/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism , Escherichia coli/genetics , Genetic Vectors , Mice, Inbred BALB C
2.
Rev. patol. trop ; 44(4): 423-431, dez. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912345

ABSTRACT

A doença de Chagas é causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi. Apesar de ser endêmica na América Latina, há poucos estudos de soroprevalência de infecção por T. cruzi em áreas rurais, onde os indivíduos têm menos acesso à informação sobre esta enfermidade. Neste trabalho, teve-se como objetivo investigar a soroepidemiologia de T. cruzi em uma população humana rural do município de Pelotas, RS. Participaram 227 usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) da localidade Cerrito Alegre-RS (3º distrito de Pelotas-RS). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas e os soros testados quanto à presença de anticorpos anti-T. cruzi por meio de Imunoensaio Quimioluminescente de Micropartículas e, quando reagentes, confirmados via Imunofluorescência Indireta. O levantamento dos fatores de risco associados à presença da parasitose deu-se por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. Na população da região rural avaliada foi encontrado o índice de 2,7% de soropositividade para T. cruzi. Dentre os fatores de risco avaliados, dois apresentaram diferença estatística significativa: o tipo de moradia (P0,0093), com maior risco morar ou ter morado em casa de pau-a-pique, barro e madeira (OR 46,9), e o fato de já ter sido picado pelo vetor (P 0,0309 e OR 14,5)


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Risk Factors
3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 24(2): 148-154, Apr-Jun/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-750757

ABSTRACT

Neosporosis is a disease caused by the protozoon Neospora caninum that leads to significant economic losses in many countries. In the present study, we report on use of the recombinant protein NcSRS2 of N. caninum expressed in Pichia pastoris in an indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) for diagnosing neosporosis infection in sheep and dogs. We observed that the ELISA test yielded specificity of 94.5% and sensitivity of 100% for sheep and specificity of 93.3% and sensitivity of 100% for dogs. We observed that the sensitivity was higher than shown by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and this was confirmed by means of Western blot. The results from this study suggest that the recombinant protein expressed in P. pastoris is a suitable antigen for use in immunodiagnosis to detect N. caninum in two important species exposed to this parasitosis.


A neosporose é uma doença causada pelo protozoário Neospora caninum que leva a perdas econômicas importantes em muitos países. No presente estudo, é descrita a utilização da proteína recombinante NcSRS2 de N. caninum expressa em Pichia pastoris em um ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA) para o diagnóstico de infecção por Neospora em ovelhas e cães. Observou-se, que utilizando-se um ELISA, o teste produziu uma especificidade de 94,5% e uma sensibilidade de 100% para ovinos; e uma especificidade de 93,3% e sensibilidade de 100% para cães. Uma maior sensibilidade foi observada em relação à IFI que foi confirmada por Western blot. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a proteína recombinante expressa em P. pastoris é bom antígeno para ser utilizado no diagnóstico imunológico para detectar N. caninum em duas espécies importantes expostas a esta parasitose.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Protozoan Infections, Animal/blood , Sheep Diseases/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Protozoan Proteins/blood , Neospora/immunology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dog Diseases/blood , Antigens, Protozoan/blood , Antigens, Surface/blood , Pichia/metabolism , Protozoan Infections, Animal/diagnosis , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Sheep Diseases/parasitology , Sheep , Protozoan Proteins/biosynthesis , Protozoan Proteins/immunology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Antigens, Protozoan/biosynthesis , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Antigens, Surface/biosynthesis , Antigens, Surface/immunology
4.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 23(3): 403-406, Jul-Sep/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722719

ABSTRACT

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease in that IgM titers can remain high for long periods making difficult to determine the stage of the disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of indirect ELISA, associated with urea, to discriminate between the acute and chronic toxocariasis. IgG avidity was evaluated in 25 BALB/c mice experimentally infected with 1000 Toxocara canis eggs. Blood samples were collected, and sera treated with 6 M urea and assayed by ELISA every two weeks. The percent IgG avidity was determined using the mean absorbance of sera treated with urea, divided by the mean absorbance of untreated sera. In the first 15 days post-inoculation, was observed a low percentage, between 7.25 and 27.5%, IgG avidity, characteristic of an acute infection. After 60 days of infection, all the mice showed between 31.4 and 58% IgG avidity, indicating a chronic infection.


A toxocaríase é uma zoonose na qual os títulos de IgM podem permanecer elevados por longos períodos, tornando difícil a determinação do estágio em que a doença se encontra. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a aplicabilidade de um teste indireto de ELISA, associado com ureia, para fazer a discriminação entre as fases aguda e crônica da toxocaríase. A avidez de IgG foi avaliada em 25 camundongos BALB/c experimentalmente infectados com 1000 ovos embrionados de Toxocara canis. A cada duas semanas, amostras de sangue foram coletadas, o soro tratado com ureia 6M e realizado o ensaio pela técnica de ELISA. O percentual de avidez de IgG foi determinado, usando-se a média das absorbâncias dos soros tratados com ureia dividida pela média das absorbâncias dos soros não tratados. Nos primeiros 15 dias pós-inoculação, foi observado um baixo percentual de avidez de IgG, entre 7,25 e 27,5%, característico da fase aguda da infecção. Após 60 dias de infecção, todos apresentaram avidez de IgG entre 31,4 e 58%, indicando a fase crônica da infecção.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antibody Affinity , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Toxocara canis/immunology , Toxocariasis/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Mice, Inbred BALB C
5.
Rev. patol. trop ; 43(1): 79-88, 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-737635

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the presence of infectious intestinal parasites in individuals undergoing enterectomy and enrolled in the Ostomy Program of the Department of Health Management, Health System (SUS), in the municipality of Pelotas, Brazil. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to 71 individuals who participated in the survey, to assess demographic, social, and cultural effects on basic knowledge concerning enteroparasites. They also underwent fecal examinations by the Faust, Ritchie and Baermann-Moraes methods. The prevalence of monoparasitism carriers was 5.6 percent: Enterobius vermicularis larvae and eggs, Taenia sp. eggs and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were diagnosed. As for knowledge about parasites, 69 percent of interviewees had general knowledge of the subject and 56.3 percent knew of the importance of hygiene for hands and food. However, 33.8 percent of respondents did not know of the necessary precautions for preventing intestinal parasites, and 50.7 percent of the respondents did not understand the real importance of the subject. There were no signs or symptoms that would indicate the presence of parasites in the patients. The results indicated the presence of helminths in individuals undergoing intestinal ostomy.


Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença de agentes infecciosos de natureza nteroparasitária em indivíduos estomizados e cadastrados no Programa de Ostomizados do Departamento de Gestão de Saúde, Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no município de Pelotas (RS), Brasil. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico a 71 indivíduos que aceitaram participar da pesquisa, para avaliar as variáveis demográficas, sociais e culturais, além dos conhecimentos básicos sobre enteroparasitos. Também foram submetidos a exames coproparasitológicos por meio dos métodos de Faust, Ritchie e Baermann-Moraes. A prevalência de portadores foi de 5,6 porcento, predominando o monoparasitismo. Foram diagnosticadas larvas e ovos de Enterobius vermicularis, ovos de Taenia sp. e larvas de Strongyloides stercoralis. Em relação ao conhecimento sobre os parasitos, 69 porcento dos entrevistados tinham conhecimento geral acerca do assunto, 56,3 porcento evidenciaram a importância da higiene das mãos e alimentos. No entanto, 33,8 porcento dos entrevistados não sabiam das precauções necessárias para prevenir as parasitoses intestinais e, ainda assim, 50,7 porcento dos entrevistados afirmaram não sentirem falta de maiores explicações, não compreendendo a real importância do assunto. Relata-se, ainda, que não havia sinais ou sintomas que indicassem a presença de parasitos nos pacientes, o que permite que estas condições persistam, com transmissão dos parasitos a outros indivíduos. Os resultados indicaram também a presença de helmintos em indivíduos submetidos à ostomia intestinal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Helminths , Nematoda
6.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 22(4): 623-626, Oct.-Dec. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-698004

ABSTRACT

Visceral toxocariasis is a neglected zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis larvae in unusual hosts. In dogs, the definitive host, the infection occurs mainly through transplacental and transcolostral transmission. Studies on experimental models have shown that vertical transmission may result from acute infections. Considering that toxocariasis is characterized as a chronic infection, with possible reactivation of larvae present in the brain, this study evaluated the presence of larvae in the brain of female BALB/c mice and their offspring with chronic infection during three successive pregnancies. ELISA-TES was used to evaluate the antibody levels. T. canis larvae were detected in the brain tissue of the mice during the three successive generations evaluated. The offspring's IgG level gradually decreased, and mean absorbance (ABS) above the cutoff point (0.070) was observed only at 30 (0.229) and 50 (0.096) days of age, while IgM was not detected. The infections in the offspring confirmed that vertical transmission of T. canis larvae occurred during chronic toxocariasis in three successive generations of mice.


A toxocaríase visceral é uma zoonose negligenciada causada por larvas de Toxocara canis em hospedeiros não usuais. Em cães, os hospedeiros definitivos, a infecção ocorre normalmente por transmissão transplacentária e através do colostro. Estudos com modelos experimentais têm demonstrado a ocorrência de transmissão vertical durante a infecção aguda. Considerando que a toxocaríase é caracterizada como uma infecção crônica, com uma possível reativação das larvas presentes no cérebro, este estudo avaliou a presença de larvas no cérebro de camundongos Balb/C fêmeas e suas proles com infecção crônica durante três gestações sucessivas. Para avaliar os níveis de anticorpos foi utilizado ELISA-TES. Larvas de T. canis foram detectadas no encéfalo dos animais durante as três gerações sucessivas avaliadas. O nível de IgG das proles foi diminuindo gradualmente e as médias de absorbâncias (ABS) acima do ponto de corte (0,070) foram evidenciadas somente aos 30 (0,229) e 50 dias (0,096) de vida, enquanto que não foi detectada IgM. Infecções das proles confirmam a transmissão vertical de larvas de T. canis durante a toxocaríase crônica em três gerações sucessivas de camundongos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Toxocara canis , Toxocariasis/transmission , Larva , Mice, Inbred BALB C
7.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 16(1): 68-73, Jan.-Feb. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-614553

ABSTRACT

The development of diagnostic tests which can readily differentiate between vaccinated and tuberculosis-infected individuals is crucial for the wider utilization of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as vaccine in humans and animals. BCG_0092 is an antigen that elicits specific delayed type hypersensitivity reactions similar in size and morphological aspects to that elicited by purified protein derivative, in both animals and humans infected with the tubercle bacilli. We carried out bioinformatics analyses of the BCG_0092 and designed a diagnostic test by using the predicted MHC class I epitopes. In addition, we performed a knockout of this gene by homologous recombination in the BCG vaccine strain to allow differentiation of vaccinated from infected individuals. For that, the flanking sequences of the target gene (BCG_0092)were cloned into a suicide vector. Spontaneous double crossovers, which result in wild type revertants or knockouts were selected using SacB. BCG_0092 is present only in members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Eight predicted MHC class I epitopes with potential for immunological diagnosis were defined, allowing the design of a specific diagnostic test. The strategy used to delete the (BCG_0092) gene from BCG was successful. The knockout genotype was confirmed by PCR and by Southern blot. The mutant BCG strain has the potential of inducing protection against tuberculosis without interfering with the diagnostic test based on the use of selected epitopes from BCG_0092.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/immunology , BCG Vaccine/immunology , Computational Biology , Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/analysis , Gene Knockout Techniques , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology , Mycobacterium bovis/genetics , Mycobacterium bovis/immunology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology , Tuberculosis/prevention & control
8.
Biol. Res ; 43(1): 13-18, 2010. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548025

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium bovis BCG has been proposed as an effective live vector for multivalent vaccines. The development of mycobacterial genetic systems to express foreign antigens and the adjuvanticity of BCG are the basis for the potential use of this attenuated mycobacterium as a recombinant vaccine vector. Stable plasmid vectors without antibiotic resistance markers are needed for heterologous antigen expression in BCG. Our group recently described the construction of a BCG expression system using auxotrophic complementation as a selectable marker. In this work, LipL32 and LigAni antigens of Leptospira interrogans were cloned and expressed in M. bovis BCG Pasteur and in the auxotrophic M. bovis BCG ΔleuD strains under the control of the M. leprae 18kDa promoter. Stability of the plasmids during in vitro growth and after inoculation of the recombinant BCG strains in hamsters was compared. The auxotrophic complementation system was highly stable, even during in vivo growth, as the selective pressure was maintained, whereas the conventional vector was unstable in the absence of selective pressure. These results confirm the usefulness of the new expression system, which represents a huge improvement over previously described expression systems for the development of BCG into an effective vaccine vector.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , BCG Vaccine/immunology , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics , Genetic Vectors/genetics , Leptospira interrogans/genetics , Mycobacterium bovis/genetics , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Genetic Vectors/immunology , Leptospira interrogans/immunology , Lipoproteins/genetics , Lipoproteins/immunology , Mycobacterium bovis/immunology , Plasmids/genetics , Plasmids/immunology
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